References M–O

Sources behind the Memletics manual with titles M–O — part of the full bibliography. Reliability: A peer-reviewed/meta · B academic · C book/expert · D web · E commercial.

M

B Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Function (Chapter 3: The Structure of the Brain) — Stuart Clare (2003) · University of Oxford (FMRIB) Cited on: Concentration, Cell State, Mental Fitness
D Maintaining a Sense of Control: A Healthier Approach for Wellness — Barry Bittman (1999) · mind-body.orgsource Cited on: Mental State, Mental Health, Positive Attitude
A Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning — Brown, Peter C., Roediger, Henry L., McDaniel, Mark A. (2014)source Cited on: How learning works, The Memletics overview
B Making cooperative learning work — Johnson, David W., Johnson, Roger T. (1999)source Cited on: Learning with others: peer instruction and explaining to learn
B Making Experience Count: The Role of Reflection in Individual Learning — Di Stefano, Giada, Gino, Francesca, Pisano, Gary P. et al. (2016)source Cited on: A balanced view of failure, Fear of failure, Mistakes
B Making Meaning out of Negative Experiences by Self-Distancing — Ethan Kross, Ozlem Ayduk (2011) · Current Directions in Psychological Sciencesource Cited on: Negative
B Making things hard on yourself, but in a good way: Creating desirable difficulties to enhance learning — Bjork, Elizabeth L., Bjork, Robert A. (2011)source Cited on: Desirable difficulties: why easy learning fails, How learning works, AI tutors and chatbots: use them without outsourcing your thinking, Learning with AI and technology, Proven learning methods, Motivation and mindset
D Master Gamer News: "If Making Completely Un-Funny Jokes Is Wrong, I Don't Want To Be Right" (June 2, 2000) (2000) · Master Gamer Newssource Cited on: Simulators, Simulation
D Master Thespian's Memory: How To Memorize Monologues and Scenes — Page Two (2001) · Master Thespian (angelfire.com/az/nativebob) Cited on: Principles, Repetition, Repetition Tips
A Maximizing exposure therapy: An inhibitory learning approach — Craske, Michelle G., Treanor, Michael, Conway, Christopher C. et al. (2014)source Cited on: Working through negative experiences, Techniques for managing fear, Fear of the unknown, Fear of Success, Fear as a useful signal
A Maybe They're Born With It, or Maybe It's Experience: Toward a Deeper Understanding of the Learning Style Myth — Nancekivell, Shaylene E., Shah, Priti, Gelman, Susan A. (2020)source Cited on: Learning styles: what the evidence really says, Learning styles (overview), Learning styles
B Medical Facts for Pilots (Aeronautical Information Manual, Chapter 8) — Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) (2024) · FAA Aeronautical Information Manualsource Cited on: Example
B "Medical Student Syndrome"—A Myth or a Real Disease Entity? Cross-Sectional Study of Medical Students of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland — Szczurek K, et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (PMC8471263)source Cited on: Challenges
B "Medical student syndrome": a real disease or just a myth?—a cross-sectional study at Menoufia University, Egypt — Sherif M, et al. (2023) · Middle East Current Psychiatry (PMC10195121)source Cited on: Challenges
D Medical Students Develop Symptoms: Ask the Doc Brevis Q&A — Heidi D. Posavac (2001) · University of Rochester Counseling Center — Doc Brevis Archivesource ✗ Cited on: Medical Student, Fear, Mental Health
B Medical students' disease — Wikipedia contributors (citing Howes & Salkovskis 1998; Moss-Morris & Petrie 2001) (2026) · Wikipedia (review/encyclopedic synthesis with cited primary sources)source Cited on: Challenges
A Meditation programs for psychological stress and well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis — Goyal, Madhav, Singh, Sonal, Sibinga, Erica M. S. et al. (2014)source Cited on: A calm, focused mind, A relaxation exercise
B Meditation with flotation-REST (Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique): A randomized controlled trial — Feliu-Soler, Albert, Montero-Marin, Jesus, Iglesias-Lopez, Anna (2014)source Cited on: Relaxation and learning
A Meditation, mindfulness, and attention: A meta-analysis — Sumantry, David, Stewart, Kathleen E. (2021)source Cited on: Attention and focus in a connected world
C Memory and Brain — Larry R. Squire (1987) Cited on: Skill Learning, Repetition, Cell State, Learning Techniques
B Memory and metamemory functioning among depressed patients — Kalska H, Punamaki RL, Makinen-Pelli T et al. (1999) · Applied Neuropsychologysource Cited on: Learning State, Mental State, Mental Health
A Memory and the Hippocampus: A Synthesis From Findings With Rats, Monkeys, and Humans — Larry R. Squire (1992) · Psychological Review Cited on: Chunking, Concentration, Skill Learning
B Memory asymmetry of forward and backward associations in recognition tasks — Jiongjiong Yang, Peng Zhao, Zijian Zhu, Axel Mecklinger, Zhiyong Fang, Han Li (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognitionsource Cited on: Association Issues
A Memory for music: Effect of melody on recall of text — Wallace, Wanda T. (1994)source Cited on: Aural
D Memory Strategies: Paired Associate Learning (Flash Cards) (2002) · Ursuline College Academic Support and Disability Servicessource Cited on: Principles, Flashcards, Scheduled Review
B Memory under pressure: The impact of acute stress across different memory tasks — Selen Soylu, Robert Miller, Maximilian Pilhatsch, Tanja Endrass, Lisa Weckesser (2025) · Psychoneuroendocrinologysource Cited on: During Learning
B Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology — Ebbinghaus, Hermann (1885)source Cited on: How memory works: working and long-term memory, Spacing: distribute your practice over time
C Memory: From Mind to Molecules (Chapter 9: Memory for Skills, Habits, and Conditioning) — Larry R. Squire, Eric R. Kandel (1999) Cited on: Concentration, Variation, Skill Learning, Overlearning
C Memory: Phenomena and Principles — Norman E. Spear, David C. Riccio (1994) Cited on: Repetition, Learning State, Association, Learning Techniques
B Mental contrasting and the energization of goal pursuit / fantasy realization theory (research program) — Gabriele Oettingen and colleagues (2024) · Summarized via current reviews of WOOP / mental contrasting (e.g. PositivePsychology.com, 2024-2025 commentary)source Cited on: Explore Goal
A Mental Exercise and Mental Aging: Evaluating the Validity of the 'Use It or Lose It' Hypothesis — Salthouse, Timothy A. (2006)source Cited on: The Memletics overview
D Mental Fitness: Exercises for the Brain — Susan Tannen (2002) · BeWell.com (republished on bellydoc.com)source Cited on: Mental Fitness, Mental State, Mental Health
B Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General — Chapter 1: Introduction and Themes — U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1999) · U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administrationsource Cited on: Learning State, Mental State, Mental Health
B Mental Imagery (2003) · Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Cited on: Principles, Visual, Visualization
D Mental Imagery and Mind Training in Sport — C. Karthik (2000) · Skate to India (skatetoindia.8m.com) Cited on: Principles, State, Mental Practice
C Mental Imagery: Creating and Recreating Success (Mental Toolbox, Chapter 2) — USA Swimming (unknown) · USA Swimming Mental Toolbox Cited on: Principles, Creative, Mental Practice
D Mental Preparation (unknown) · CanCoach Cited on: State, Mental Practice, Objectives
A Mental Representations: A Dual Coding Approach — Paivio, Allan (1986) Cited on: Dual coding: words and pictures together, How learning works, The visual preference, Exploring in a visual mode, Engage: explore the material in more than one mode, Collecting and capturing material, Principles of visualisation, Visualization, Exploring by doing, The peg-word system, Principles of strong association, Association: the engine behind memory techniques, Creative and story visualisation, Strengthening
D Mental Toolbox: Achieving Success Through Mental Excellence — Introduction (2003) · USA Swimming (usa-swimming.org) Cited on: Assertions, State, Mental Practice
C Merrill's Component Display Theory — Catherine A. Iadeluca (2001) · EDIT 704, George Mason University (unpublished course paper, instructor: Nada Dabbagh) Cited on: Logical, Analyze, Arrange
B Meta-analytic investigations of the effect of cognitive offloading on memory-based task performance and interindividual variability — Burnett, L. K., Richmond, L. L. (2026) · Memory & Cognitionsource Cited on: Retention
D Method of loci — Giuseppe Zito (2003) · Teatro della Memoria (ba.infn.it/~zito)source Cited on: Mnemonics, Method of Loci: The Memory Palace Technique Explained, Linked Lists
D Method of Loci — Mnemonic Instruction (University of Virginia student web project) — Rick Brigham (2000) · Mnemonic Instruction (UVA personal/course web project)source Cited on: Mnemonics, Method of Loci: The Memory Palace Technique Explained, Linked Lists
B Method of loci training yields unique prefrontal representations that support effective memory encoding (preprint) — Dresler et al. (memory-athlete fMRI group) (2025) · bioRxiv preprint (10.1101/2025.02.24.639840)source Cited on: The \"WOW\" factor
D Micronutrients Protect Your Brain from Free Radicals (2003) · The Franklin Institute Online Cited on: Supplements, Nutrients, Oxygen
D Microsoft Flight Simulator 2002: Review — Andrew Herd (2001) · FlightSim.Comsource Cited on: Fidelity, Simulators, Simulation
D Microsoft FS2002 Forum FAQ — Andrew Herd (2002) · FlightSim.Comsource Cited on: Fidelity, Simulators, Simulation
C Mind Map Mastery: The Complete Guide to Learning and Using the Most Powerful Thinking Tool in the Universe — Buzan, Tony (2018) Cited on: Exploring in a visual mode
D Mind matters — Larry Writer (2003) · Australian Financial Reviewsource Cited on: Principles, Mnemonics, Method of Loci: The Memory Palace Technique Explained
A Mind over matter: Reappraising arousal improves cardiovascular and cognitive responses to stress — Jamieson, Jeremy P., Nock, Matthew K., Mendes, Wendy Berry (2012)source Cited on: Techniques for managing fear, Performing under pressure, Under pressure in the moment, Managing your state for performance
A Mind the Gap Between Comprehension and Metacomprehension: Meta-Analysis of Metacomprehension Accuracy and Intervention Effectiveness — Yang, C., Zhao, W., Yuan, B., Luo, L., & Shanks, D. R. (2023) · Review of Educational Research, 93(2)source Cited on: System Reviews
D Mind-altering sustenance — Marc Kaufman (2005) · The Age (reprinted from The Washington Post)source Cited on: Mental Fitness, Positive Attitude, Mental Relaxation
A Mind-sets matter: A meta-analytic review of implicit theories and self-regulation — Burnette, Jeni L., O'Boyle, Ernest H., VanEpps, Eric M. et al. (2013)source Cited on: A positive, realistic attitude
A Minds and brains of media multitaskers: Current findings and future directions — Uncapher, Melina R., Wagner, Anthony D. (2018)source Cited on: Manage your time and energy, Attention and focus in a connected world, Your learning environment
B Mindsets that promote resilience: When students believe that personal characteristics can be developed — Yeager, David S., Dweck, Carol S. (2012)source Cited on: Motivation and mindset
D Mitochondrion Structure and Function — Morgan R. McKeller (unknown) · Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University-Kingsville (ntri.tamuk.edu) Cited on: Cell State, Oxygen, Glucose
D Mnemonic Devices (2001) · Utah State University Academic Resource Center Idea Sheetssource Cited on: Mnemonics, Mnemonics, Method of Loci: The Memory Palace Technique Explained
D Mnemonic Devices & Memory Palaces — Rachael (Sarah Lawrence College student) (2002) · Sarah Lawrence College — Minds course student pagessource Cited on: Principles, Mnemonics, Method of Loci: The Memory Palace Technique Explained
B Mnemonic scaffolds vary in effectiveness for serial recall — (Department of Psychology, University of Alberta authors) (2023) · Memory & Cognition (working paper / journal article)source Cited on: Review Log
A Mnemonic training reshapes brain networks to support superior memory — Dresler, M., et al. (2017) · Neuronsource Cited on: Problems, Method of Loci: The Memory Palace Technique Explained
A Mnemonology: Mnemonics for the 21st Century — Worthen, James B., Hunt, R. Reed (2011) Cited on: Method of Loci: The Memory Palace Technique Explained, The peg-word system, Association: the engine behind memory techniques, When associations do not work
C MNREAD Acuity Charts: Measuring Reading Speed — Minnesota Laboratory for Low-Vision Research (1999) · MNREAD Project Website, University of Minnesotasource Cited on: Speed Reading course, Speed Reading Course: Read Faster, Learn More, Reading speed self-check
C Modeling Expertise — Daniel Druckman, Robert A. Bjork (1991) Cited on: Variation, Skill Learning, Part-Task Training: Break Down Complex Skills, Mental Practice
C Modifiable Synapses for Nondeclarative Memory (Chapter Two) — Larry R. Squire, Eric R. Kandel (1999) Cited on: Concentration, Repetition, Cell State, Learning Techniques
A Mood-Congruent Memory in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review — Latge-Tovar et al. (2022) · Psicologia Clinica, 34(3)source Cited on: Negative
B Mood-Congruent Memory Revisited — Leonard Faul, Kevin S. LaBar (2022) · Psychological Review (American Psychological Association)source Cited on: Negative
A Morbid preoccupations, health anxiety and reassurance: a cognitive-behavioural approach to hypochondriasis — Salkovskis, Paul M., Warwick, Hilary M. C. (1986)source Cited on: Medical student syndrome
D Motivational Poems: Success (2002) · Words of Wisdom 4 U (wow4u.com)source Cited on: Assertions, Motivation, Positive Attitude
B Motor imagery enhances performance beyond the imagined action — (PNAS authors) (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciencessource Cited on: Review Log
A Motor Learning and Performance: From Principles to Application — Schmidt, Richard A., Lee, Timothy D. (2011) Cited on: Part-Task Training: Break Down Complex Skills, Performance and skill learning, How skills are learned, Mental practice and rehearsal
C Motor Learning Theory — Thomas David Kehoe (1997) · Stuttering: Science, Therapy & Practice (casafuturatech.com)source Cited on: Variation, Skill Learning, Immediate Feedback
A Motor Skill Learning and Performance: A Review of Influential Factors — Wulf, Gabriele, Shea, Charles, Lewthwaite, Rebecca (2010)source Cited on: Analysing and classifying
A Mozart Effect–Shmozart Effect: A Meta-Analysis — Pietschnig, Jakob, Voracek, Martin, Formann, Anton K. (2010)source Cited on: What doesn't work: learning myths and weak methods, A calm, focused mind, Your body and learning, Relaxation and learning
A Multimedia Design for Learning: An Overview of Reviews With Meta-Meta-Analysis — Noetel, M.; Griffith, S.; Delaney, O.; Harris, N. R.; Sanders, T.; Parker, P.; del Pozo Cruz, B.; Lonsdale, C. (2022) · Review of Educational Research, 92(3)source Cited on: Solitary, System, Overview
A Multimedia Learning (2nd ed.) — Mayer, Richard E. (2009)source Cited on: Aural, Learning styles: what the evidence really says, Find your modality preferences (a self-check, not a label), Learning styles (overview), What doesn't work: learning myths and weak methods
A Multimedia Learning, 3rd ed. — Mayer, Richard E. (2021)source Cited on: Dual coding: words and pictures together, Use every mode: strengthen all your channels, The visual preference, Exploring in a logical mode, Exploring in a visual mode, Engage: explore the material in more than one mode, Visualization, Exploring in an aural mode, Exploring across modes: the general idea, Exploring with other people, Exploring in a solitary mode, Exploring in a verbal mode, Learning styles, Creative and story visualisation, Strengthening
D Multiple Abilities/Intelligences: Overview and Self-Assessment Quiz (2002) · Georgia State University (gsu.edu)source Cited on: Basis, The 7 Learning Styles Explained — Free Quiz Inside, Learning Styles
D Multiple Intelligences Inventory for ESL Teachers — James R. Chamberlain (2003) · ELTAB-B Workshop Cited on: Basis, The 7 Learning Styles Explained — Free Quiz Inside, Questionnaire
D Multiple Intelligences Quiz: Linguistic-Verbal Intelligence — June Kaminski (2001) · DynoWomyn Web Haven: Health and Well-Being in the 21st Centurysource Cited on: Basis, Questionnaire, Verbal
D Multiple Intelligences Teacher Inventory (2002) · Jefferson County Public Schools (jeffco.k12.co.us)source Cited on: Basis, The 7 Learning Styles Explained — Free Quiz Inside, Questionnaire
A Multiple Intelligences, the Mozart Effect, and Emotional Intelligence: A Critical Review — Waterhouse, Lynn (2006)source Cited on: Learning styles: what the evidence really says, Learning styles
C Multiple Intelligences: A Collection — Howard Gardner (1995) Cited on: Basis, The 7 Learning Styles Explained — Free Quiz Inside, Expand, Mental Fitness
C Multiple Intelligences: What They Are…How To Use Them — Geoff Matthews (1998) · International Association of Facilitators 1998 Annual Meetingsource Cited on: Basis, The 7 Learning Styles Explained — Free Quiz Inside, Learning Styles
C Multiple Technologies for Multiple Intelligences — Dee Dickinson (1992) Cited on: Explore, Basis, The 7 Learning Styles Explained — Free Quiz Inside, Mental Fitness
A Multisensory learning binds neurons into a cross-modal memory engram — Zeng, Okray, Bornmann, et al. (2023) · Nature (PMC10208976)source Cited on: Exercise
B Muscular Activity During Real and Imagined Movements: A Test of the Inflow Hypothesis — Justin M. Slade, Daniel M. Landers, Philip E. Martin (unknown) · unknown Cited on: Principles, Mental Practice, Visualization
A Music assisted progressive muscle relaxation, progressive muscle relaxation, music listening, and silence: a comparison of relaxation techniques — Robb SL (2000) · Journal of Music Therapysource Cited on: Mental Relaxation, Relaxation, Aural
D My Therapist Is A Joystick: Beneficial Games, for Everything from Phobias to ADD, Are Starting to Catch On — Olga Kharif (2004) · BusinessWeek Online Cited on: Fidelity, Fear, Simulators

N

B Narrative stories as mediators for serial learning — Gordon H. Bower & Michal C. Clark (1969) · Psychonomic Science, 14(4), 181-182source Cited on: Exercise
B National General Aviation Roadmap: Definition for a Small Aircraft Transportation System Concept — NASA (2001) · NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)source Cited on: Skill Learning, Fidelity, Simulation
B Neuro-linguistic programming: a critical review of NLP research and the application of NLP in coaching — Passmore J, Rowson T (2019) · International Coaching Psychology Review (University of Reading CentAUR)source Cited on: Triggers, Negative, Visual
A Neurolinguistic programming: a systematic review of the effects on health outcomes — Sturt, Jackie, Ali, Saima, Robertson, Wendy et al. (2012) · British Journal of General Practicesource Cited on: Triggers, Positive, Lesson Reviews, Working through negative experiences, Techniques for managing fear, What doesn't work: learning myths and weak methods, Assumptions, Managing your state for performance
D Neurologists Say Sleep Improves Memory and Learning: But Poll Shows Few Understand The Sleep-Think Link — Better Sleep Council (1995) · Better Sleep Council (bettersleep.org) Cited on: Rhythms, Physical State, Mental Health
A Neuromyths in Education: Prevalence and Predictors of Misconceptions Among Teachers — Dekker, Sanne, Lee, Nikki C., Howard-Jones, Paul et al. (2012)source Cited on: What doesn't work: learning myths and weak methods
B Neuropsychological changes after 30-day Ginkgo biloba administration in healthy participants — Con Stough, Jodi Clarke, Jenny Lloyd et al. (2001) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacologysource Cited on: Supplements, Nutrients, Physical State, Concentration
B Neuropsychopharmacological Effects of the Ayurvedic Nootropic Bacopa Monniera Linn. (Brahmi) — H.K. Singh, B.N. Dhawan (1997) · Indian Journal of Pharmacology Cited on: Supplements, Nutrients, Physical State
A New conceptualizations of practice: common principles in three paradigms suggest new concepts for training — Schmidt, R. A., Bjork, R. A. (1992) Cited on: Fidelity and cues: how realistic does practice need to be?, Variation and the contextual-interference effect, What simulation does well (and where it falls short), Getting the most from simulators, Simulation: practising the real thing safely
B No independent evaluation of the Memletics system located — n/a (2026) · n/asource Cited on: No Review
A Not Learning From Failure—the Greatest Failure of All — Eskreis-Winkler, Lauren, Fishbach, Ayelet (2019) · Psychological Sciencesource Cited on: Balanced Model, Fear of failure, Mistakes
D Note-Taking and In-Class Skills (2002) · Cook Counseling Center, Virginia Tech (ucc.vt.edu)source Cited on: Concentration, Collection, Aural

O

B Observing errors in a combination of error and correct models favors observational motor learning — Authors (Human Movement Science / PMC) (2021) · Human Movement Sciencesource Cited on: Social
B OECD Skills Outlook 2021: Learning for Life — OECD (2021)source Cited on: Learning as an adult
A Omega 3 fatty acid for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia — Sydenham, Emma, Dangour, Alan D., Lim, Wee-Shiong (2012)source Cited on: Supplements: what actually helps (mostly the basics)
D Omega-3 Fats — Ross Hume Hall (2001) · Smart Nutrition Guide (smartnutritionguide.com) Cited on: Supplements, Nutrients, Cell State
A On Bloom's two sigma problem: A systematic review of mastery learning, tutoring, and direct instruction / Two-Sigma Tutoring: Separating Science Fiction from Science Fact — Nintil review; Kraft & Falken (Education Next); Bloom (1984, original) (2024) · Systematic reviews and Education Nextsource Cited on: Plan
A On relations between perceiving, imagining and performing in the learning of cyclical movement sequences — Stefan Vogt (1995) · British Journal of Psychologysource Cited on: Skill Learning, Principles, Mental Practice
B On the failure to replicate past findings regarding positive affirmations and self-esteem — (Stieger and colleagues) (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Sciencesource Cited on: Triggers
A Optimal dosage and effectiveness of imagery practice on athletes' mental health: a Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis — (Frontiers in Psychology authors, 2025) (2025) · Frontiers in Psychologysource Cited on: Triggers
A Optimising learning using flashcards: Spacing is more effective than cramming — Kornell, Nate (2009)source Cited on: Spacing: distribute your practice over time
B Order information and retrieval distinctiveness: recall of common versus bizarre material (and the mixed- vs pure-list literature) — McDaniel, Einstein, DeLosh, et al. (2000) · Memory & Cognition (and related reviews)source Cited on: Exercise
A Over-the-counter supplement interventions to prevent cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and clinical Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review — Butler, Mary, Nelson, Victoria A., Davila, Heather et al. (2018)source Cited on: Feeding your brain: the basics
D Overcoming Procrastination — University of Texas Learning Center (2002) · UT Austin Learning Centersource ✗ Cited on: Motivation, Time, Review Goals
A Overconfidence Produces Underachievement: Inaccurate Self Evaluations Undermine Students' Learning and Retention — Dunlosky, John, Rawson, Katherine A. (2012)source Cited on: Metacognition: knowing what you know, Review and reflect: close the loop
B Overgeneralization of conditioned fear in patients with social anxiety disorder — Lee et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, Article 1415135source Cited on: Final Note
B Overview of Sleep Processes — Rosen, G. (2003) · Unknown (lecture handout) Cited on: Rhythms, Physical State, Health