References H–L

Sources behind the Memletics manual with titles H–L — part of the full bibliography. Reliability: A peer-reviewed/meta · B academic · C book/expert · D web · E commercial.

H

D Handling Fear of Success (2002) · Coping.org: Tools for Coping with Life's Stressorssource ✓ Cited on: Fear, Fear of Success, Motivation
C Harvard Report on Reading Study Skills (Perry / Harvard Reading-Study Center) — Academic Skills Center, Dartmouth College (2001) · Academic Skills Center, Dartmouth College Cited on: Reading strategies, Skim reading, General
B Health anxiety in medical students — Howes, Oliver D., Salkovskis, Paul M. (1998)source Cited on: Medical student syndrome
A Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study — Marmot, Michael G., Smith, George Davey, Stansfeld, Stephen et al. (1991)source Cited on: General health and learning
B Health Risks and Benefits of Alcohol Consumption (2000) · Alcohol Research & Health Cited on: Physical State, Mental Health, Health
B Hedonic Adaptation to Positive and Negative Experiences — Kennon M. Sheldon; Sonja Lyubomirsky (in Folkman, ed., Oxford Handbook of Stress, Health, and Coping) (2011) · Oxford Handbook of Stress, Health, and Coping (Oxford University Press)source Cited on: Explore Goal
A High contextual interference improves retention in motor learning: systematic review and meta-analysis — Czyż, S.H., Wójcik, A.M., Solarská, P. & Kiper, P. (2024) · Scientific Reports, 14, 15974source Cited on: Reinforce
D High Performance Climbing Coaching: Mental Training for Climbing — Introduction to Visualisation — Neil Gresham (2003) · PlanetFear Cited on: Skill Learning, Principles, Mental Practice
D High Stress Hormone Levels Impair Memory (1999) · ScienceDailysource Cited on: Mental Health, Mental Relaxation, Relaxation
D High-protein lunch keeps afternoon nap at bay (2003) · The Agesource Cited on: Glucose, Rhythms, Health
B Hitting the Rewind Button: Imagining Analogue Trauma Memories in Reverse Reduces Distressing Intrusions — Rattel et al. (2024) · Cognitive Therapy and Researchsource Cited on: Negative
B Hooking the Self Onto the Past: How Positive Autobiographical Memory Retrieval Benefits People With Social Anxiety — David A. Moscovitch, Kendra White, Taylor Hudd (2023) · Clinical Psychological Sciencesource Cited on: Positive
A How accurately can learners discriminate their comprehension of texts? A comprehensive meta-analysis on relative metacomprehension accuracy and influencing factors — Prinz, A., Golke, S., & Wittwer, J. (2020) · Educational Research Review, 31source Cited on: System Reviews
A How are habits formed: Modelling habit formation in the real world — Lally, Phillippa, van Jaarsveld, Cornelia H. M., Potts, Henry W. W. et al. (2010)source Cited on: What counts as learning, Motivation and mindset, Building habits and changing behaviour
B How aviation safety has improved — Allianz Commercial (Expert Risk Articles) (2024) · Allianz Commercialsource Cited on: Others' Mistakes
A How breath-control can change your life: a systematic review on psycho-physiological correlates of slow breathing — Zaccaro, Andrea, Piarulli, Andrea, Laurino, Marco et al. (2018)source Cited on: Techniques for managing fear, Fear and anxiety in learning, Oxygen and your brain, A relaxation exercise, Relaxation and learning
C How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School — National Research Council (1999) · National Academy Presssource Cited on: Explore, Motivation, Performance
B How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School — Chapter 3: Learning and Transfer (p. 49) — National Research Council, Bransford, John D., Brown, Ann L. et al. (1999) · National Academy Presssource Cited on: Motivation, Performance, Enroll Help
A How self-affirmation works (American Psychologist meta-analysis press release) — Zhang Y, Chen B, Wang M, Hu X (2025) · American Psychologist (via APA press release)source Cited on: Triggers
A How should reflection be supported in higher education? — A meta-analysis of reflection interventions — Lin Guo (2022) · Reflective Practice, 23(1), 118-146source Cited on: Review Plan
D How Stress Affects Memory (2002) · The Franklin Institute Online — The Human Brainsource Cited on: Mental Health, Mental Relaxation, Relaxation
D How to Double Your Reading Speed in One Hour (And Still Understand What You Read!) — Academic Support Center, Cerritos College (unknown) · Cerritos College Academic Support Center Cited on: Reading strategies, Reading fluency, Reading speed self-check
D How to Maintain a Positive Mental Attitude — Wolf J. Rinke (1997) · Prometheon (speaking.com)source Cited on: Mental Health, Assertions, Positive Attitude
D How to Memorize a Poem — Bob Holman, Margery Snyder (2002) · About.com: Poetrysource Cited on: Rote Learning, Flashcards, Verbal
D How To Overcome The Fear Of Failure And Achieve Your Goals! — Pam Morgan (2002) · The Personal Coach Network (cyber-nation.com)source ✓ Cited on: Fear of Failure, Tips, Goals
C How To Read University Texts or Journal Articles (2003) · Learning Skills Program, Counselling Services, University of Victoriasource Cited on: Enquire, Visual, Reading strategies
A How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease: The Biology and Behavioral Basis for Smoking-Attributable Disease — A Report of the Surgeon General — U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2010)source Cited on: Oxygen and your brain
D How You React to Stress May Affect How Your Clothes Fit: Stress Increases Appetite -- Here's Why — Jeanie Davis (2002) · WebMDsource Cited on: Mental Health, Health, Mental Relaxation
A Human error: models and management — Reason, James (2000)source Cited on: Lesson Reviews
A Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes — Atkinson, Richard C., Shiffrin, Richard M. (1968)source Cited on: How memory works: working and long-term memory
C Human Memory: Theory and Practice — Alan D. Baddeley (1990) Cited on: Chunking, Concentration, Verbalization, Visualization
A Human Performance — Fitts, Paul M., Posner, Michael I. (1967) Cited on: Performance and skill learning, Exploring by doing
A Hydration assessment techniques — Armstrong, Lawrence E. (2005)source Cited on: Water and hydration

I

D I Can't Concentrate! — Joyce Woodford (2001) · Kansas State University Counseling Servicessource Cited on: Concentration, Concentration, Study Skills
B IATA Releases 2025 Safety Report — International Air Transport Association (Willie Walsh, Director General) (2026) · IATA Press Release 2026-03-09source Cited on: Others' Mistakes
D Identify Obstacles to Time Management! (2002) · George Washington University Academic Support Center (University Counseling Center)source ✗ Cited on: Fear of Failure, Fear of Success, Time
A Illusions of Competence in Monitoring One's Knowledge During Study — Koriat, Asher, Bjork, Robert A. (2005)source Cited on: Desirable difficulties: why easy learning fails, Metacognition: knowing what you know, AI tutors and chatbots: use them without outsourcing your thinking, Retrieval practice: testing yourself to learn, Review and reflect: close the loop
A Imagery as a relational organizer in associative learning — Bower, Gordon H. (1970)source Cited on: When associations do not work
A Imagery interventions in health behavior: A meta-analysis — Conroy D, Hagger MS (2018) · Health Psychologysource Cited on: Triggers
B Imagery Validation: How do we know athletes are imaging during mental practice? — Mac Intyre, Tadhg (1996) · Pages 96 (University College Dublin) Cited on: Principles, Mental Practice, Visualization
C Imagery: Mental Imagery for Sport Performance (unknown) · Saskatchewan Sport Science Multi-Sport Centre (SSMSC) Cited on: Principles, State, Mental Practice
B Impact of process interference on memory encoding and retrieval processes in dual-task situations — Sandra Hensen, Iring Koch, Patricia Hirsch (2024) · Memory & Cognitionsource Cited on: During Learning
A Implementation Intentions and Goal Achievement: A Meta-Analysis of Effects and Processes — Gollwitzer, Peter M., Sheeran, Paschal (2006)source Cited on: Assertions: useful self-talk (not magic affirmations), Scripting: rehearsing what you will say and do, Building habits and changing behaviour
B Implementation intentions speed up young adults' responses to prospective memory targets in everyday life — Magdalena Szarras-Kudzia, Agnieszka Niedźwieńska (2022) · PLOS ONEsource Cited on: Peg Events
B Improving encoding strategies as a function of test knowledge and experience (test-expectancy paradigm; adaptive encoding-strategy change with experience) — Finley, J. R., Benjamin, A. S., et al. (2016) · Memory & Cognition / PMC3433232source Cited on: Retention
B Improving Planning: Quantitative Evaluation of the Premortem Technique in Field and Laboratory Settings / Evaluating the effectiveness of the PreMortem technique on plan confidence — Veinott, Klein & Wiggins (2010) · Proceedings of the 7th International ISCRAM Conferencesource Cited on: Conscious ACT
B Improving Students' Learning With Effective Learning Techniques — Dunlosky, Rawson, Marsh, Nathan & Willingham (2013) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 14(1)source Cited on: The \"WOW\" factor
A Improving Students' Learning With Effective Learning Techniques: Promising Directions From Cognitive and Educational Psychology — Dunlosky, John, Rawson, Katherine A., Marsh, Elizabeth J. et al. (2013) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 14(1), 4-58source Cited on: Locate, Desirable difficulties: why easy learning fails, How memory works: working and long-term memory, How learning works, Metacognition: knowing what you know, The learning cycle: plan, do, review, Learning styles: what the evidence really says, Use every mode: strengthen all your channels, Find your modality preferences (a self-check, not a label), The logical preference, The physical (kinaesthetic) preference, The verbal preference, Elaboration: explain and connect, Retrieval practice: testing yourself to learn, Learning styles (overview), Proven learning methods, Verbalising: self-talk and self-explanation, What doesn't work: learning myths and weak methods, Learning for life, Build your study plan, Plan your learning, Analysing and classifying, Formal reviews and self-testing, Lesson Reviews, Keep a learning log, Reviewing your whole system, Review and reflect: close the loop, Exploring in a logical mode, Collecting and capturing material, Finding good sources today, Plan and run your learning: the cycle, Exploring in a verbal mode, Learning styles, The Memletics overview, The link method: chaining items into a story, Acronyms, acrostics and first-letter cues, The peg-word system, Principles of strong association, Association: the engine behind memory techniques, When associations do not work
C In the Mind's Eye: Enhancing Human Performance — Daniel Druckman, Robert A. Bjork, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education et al. (1992) · National Academy Press Cited on: Comparison, Mental Practice, Performance, Skill Learning, Repetition, Mental State, Overlearning
C Indoor Air Quality: Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide — Tom Greiner (1995) · Iowa State University Extension (Publication AEN-125) Cited on: Oxygen, Physical State, Environment
A Inducing Self-Explanation: A Meta-Analysis — Bisra, Kiran, Liu, Qing, Nesbit, John C. et al. (2018) · Educational Psychology Reviewsource Cited on: Lesson Reviews, System Reviews, AI tutors and chatbots: use them without outsourcing your thinking, Elaboration: explain and connect, Verbalising: self-talk and self-explanation, Exploring in a verbal mode
A Inferiority or Even Superiority of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in Phobias? A Systematic Review and Quantitative Meta-Analysis — Wechsler, Theresa F., Kümpers, Franziska, Mühlberger, Andreas (2019)source Cited on: Working through negative experiences, Fear and anxiety in learning
D Information Processing in Human Body — Vadim Gerasimov (2000) · MIT Media Lab (MAS 862 Final Project)source Cited on: Nutrients, Cell State, Glucose
B Instruction in a Learning Environment (Master's Thesis, Chapter 3) (2003) · Redbean Pty Ltd (bigtree.com.au) Cited on: Lifelong, Sources, Learning Approach
C Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century — Howard Gardner (1999) Cited on: Basis, The 7 Learning Styles Explained — Free Quiz Inside, Mental Fitness, Logical
B Interaction between amount and pattern of training in the induction of intermediate- and long-term memory for sensitization in Aplysia — Sutton MA, Ide J, Masters SE, Carew TJ (2002) · Learning & Memory (vol. 9, pp. 29-40)source Cited on: Apply Techniques
B Interactive Learning Effects of Preparing to Teach and Teaching: a Meta-Analytic Approach — Keiichi Kobayashi (2024) · Educational Psychology Reviewsource Cited on: Social
D Internal Structure of a Neuron: Part 1 — Image-Mapped Tutorial (2003) · Athabasca University — PSYC 402 Biotutorials Cited on: Cell State, Oxygen, Glucose
C Internal Structure of a Neuron: Tutorial 1 — Introduction (2003) · Athabasca University — Psychology 402 Biotutorials Cited on: Cell State, Oxygen, Glucose
A Interventions for improving psychological detachment from work: A meta-analysis — Karabinski, T.; Haun, V. C.; Nubold, A.; Wendsche, J.; Wegge, J. (2021) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology (meta-analysis, 30 studies, N=3,725)source Cited on: Further Points
A Into the unknown: a review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty — Carleton, R. Nicholas (2016)source Cited on: Fear of the unknown
D Intoxication and Brain (2002) · alcohol-drug.com (Psychological Assessment Research & Treatment Services)source Cited on: Physical State, Mental Health, Health
B Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions — Ryan, R. M.; Deci, E. L. (2020) · Contemporary Educational Psychology 61, 101860source Cited on: Further Points
A Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Goal Contents in Self-Determination Theory: Another Look at the Quality of Academic Motivation — Vansteenkiste, Maarten, Lens, Willy, Deci, Edward L. (2006)source Cited on: Motivation
C Introduction to Biological Rhythms: Text for Biological Rhythms, Spring 2002 — Benjamin Rusak, Bruce Goldman (2002) · University course lecture notes Cited on: Rhythms, Physical State, Health
D Iron (2003) · Lifescript Cited on: Supplements, Nutrients, Oxygen
D Iron Deficiency (Anemia) (2002) · University Health Services, University of California, Berkeley Cited on: Nutrients, Cell State, Oxygen
C Iron: An Essential Nutrient — J. Anderson (2003) · Colorado State University Extension — Food & Nutrition Fact Sheets Cited on: Supplements, Nutrients, Oxygen
A Is caffeine a cognitive enhancer? — Nehlig, Astrid (2010)source Cited on: Your body and learning
A Is it really a neuromyth? A meta-analysis of the learning styles matching hypothesis — Clinton-Lisell, V., & Litzinger, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology, 15:1428732source Cited on: Skills Test, Physical, Solitary, Visual, System, Overview, Social
B Is it time for studying real-life debiasing? Evaluation of the effectiveness of an analogical intervention technique — Various (Frontiers in Psychology) (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology, 6:1120source Cited on: Conscious ACT
D It's All in the Mind: Performance Anxiety and Sport Training — Daniel A. Paprocki (1996) · OCR (Online Clarinet Resource) Cited on: Creative, State, Mental Practice

K

C Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry — Harold I. Kaplan, Benjamin J. Sadock, Virginia A. Sadock (2000) · Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cited on: Mental State, Mental Health, Shunt Technique, Principles, Cell State, Mental Fitness, Learning Techniques
C Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry (selected chapters) — Harold I. Kaplan, Benjamin J. Sadock, Virginia A. Sadock (2000) · Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cited on: Mental State, Mental Health, Shunt Technique
B Keyword Mnemonics Versus Rote Rehearsal: Learning Concrete and Abstract Foreign Words by Experienced and Inexperienced Learners (and related keyword-method studies) — van Hell & Mahn; Sagarra & Alba; and related researchers (2010) · Language Learning / second-language acquisition researchsource Cited on: Problems
D Kinds of Concept Maps (2004) · ACES 100 course site, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaignsource Cited on: Advanced Concept Maps, Basic Concept Maps, Common Concept Maps
B Knowledge of Learning Strategies and Motivation to Use Them: Similarities and Differences between School Levels — et al. (Education Sciences / PMC) (2024) · Education Sciences (PMC)source Cited on: During Learning
A Knowledge of results and motor learning: A review and critical reappraisal — Salmoni, Alan W., Schmidt, Richard A., Walter, Charles B. (1984)source Cited on: Use feedback well, as you go

L

A Lateral Reading and the Nature of Expertise: Reading Less and Learning More When Evaluating Digital Information — Wineburg, Sam, McGrew, Sarah (2019)source Cited on: Finding good sources today, Engage: finding and gathering what to learn
D Leading Causes of Death (2002) · LifeMatters (lifematters.com) / WorldWorkssource Cited on: Physical Fitness, Mental Health, Health
B Learning and Transfer (Chapter 3) — How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School — National Research Council, Bransford, John D., Brown, Ann L. et al. (2000) · National Academy Presssource ✓ Cited on: Variation, Explore, Skill Learning
A Learning as a Generative Activity: Eight Learning Strategies That Promote Understanding — Fiorella, Logan, Mayer, Richard E. (2015)source Cited on: Exploring in a logical mode, Engage: explore the material in more than one mode, Exploring by doing, Exploring in a verbal mode, Exploring in a visual mode
A Learning Concepts and Categories: Is Spacing the 'Enemy of Induction'? — Kornell, Nate, Bjork, Robert A. (2008)source Cited on: Metacognition: knowing what you know, Formal reviews and self-testing, Review and reflect: close the loop
A Learning from Errors — Metcalfe, Janet (2017) · Annual Review of Psychology, 68:465-489source Cited on: Balanced Model, Medical student syndrome, Mistakes
B Learning from errors and failure in educational contexts: New insights and future directions — Susanne Narciss et al. (2025) · British Journal of Educational Psychology (Wiley)source Cited on: Others' Mistakes
B Learning from errors: deliberate errors enhance learning — (experimental study + the errorful-learning literature, incl. Metcalfe; Springer Psychon. Bull. Rev. review) (2025) · Contemporary Educational Psychology / Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (review)source Cited on: Skills Test
A Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning: a systematic and critical review — Coffield, Frank, Moseley, David, Hall, Elaine et al. (2004)source Cited on: Find your modality preferences (a self-check, not a label)
D Learning Styles Research — David Carter-Tod (2000) · Serious Instructional Technology (SiT) Cited on: Basis, The 7 Learning Styles Explained — Free Quiz Inside, Learning Styles
A Learning Styles: Concepts and Evidence — Pashler, Harold, McDaniel, Mark, Rohrer, Doug et al. (2008) · Psychological Science in the Public Interestsource Cited on: Overview, Aural, Learning styles: what the evidence really says, Use every mode: strengthen all your channels, Find your modality preferences (a self-check, not a label), Social, Solitary, Learning styles (overview), What doesn't work: learning myths and weak methods, Exploring in a logical mode, Exploring in a visual mode, Engage: explore the material in more than one mode, Exploring across modes: the general idea, Exploring by doing, Exploring with other people, Exploring in a solitary mode, Exploring in a verbal mode, Learning styles, The logical preference, The physical (kinaesthetic) preference, The verbal preference, The visual preference, Exploring in an aural mode
D Learning Techniques (Part 2) (2001) · learning-forces.org.uk Cited on: Cell State, Oxygen, Physical State
D Learning to Learn — R. Krevs, McManaman (1998) · Chaminade (school newsletter/column)source Cited on: Repetition, Rote Learning, Scheduled Review
A Learning Versus Performance: An Integrative Review — Soderstrom, Nicholas C., Bjork, Robert A. (2015)source Cited on: Desirable difficulties: why easy learning fails, What counts as learning, Interleaving: mix up what you practise, Retrieval practice: testing yourself to learn, Proven learning methods, Manage your time and energy, Formal reviews and self-testing, Overlearning, How skills are learned, Variation and the contextual-interference effect
B Learning with all your senses: Multisensory enrichment as the optimal learning strategy of the future (research summary of Shams/von Kriegstein multimodal-enrichment work) — Reported research by Ladan Shams, Katharina von Kriegstein and colleagues (2023) · ScienceDaily / Trends in Cognitive Sciences line of researchsource Cited on: Physical
A Learning With Concept and Knowledge Maps: A Meta-Analysis — Nesbit, John C., Adesope, Olusola O. (2006)source Cited on: Map your course, Organise: structure what you are learning, Exploring in a logical mode
C Learning, Remembering, Believing: Enhancing Human Performance — Daniel Druckman, Robert A. Bjork (1994) · National Academy Press Cited on: Mental State, Performance, Social, Skill Learning, Fidelity, Positive Attitude
C Lecture 14: Acquisition of Long-Term Memories — Levels of Processing and Mnemonic Strategies (including Method of Loci) Cited on: Principles, Method of Loci: The Memory Palace Technique Explained, Peg Words
D Lecture 24: Central Nervous System Anatomy and Organization (2002) · Bio50 (AOL Members site — undergraduate biology course)source Cited on: Nutrients, Oxygen, Glucose
D 3/11/2 Lecture Outline: Learning Theories (EXB102 Course Email) — Paul Salitsky (2002) · EXB102 Course Mailing List, University of California, Davissource Cited on: Skill Learning, Overlearning, Performance
D Left and Right Sides of the Brain (1996) Cited on: Basis, The 7 Learning Styles Explained — Free Quiz Inside, Mental Fitness
D Left Brain : Right Brain — Bicameral Images Reveal Our Two Selves (2003) · ViewZone (viewzone.com) Cited on: Basis, The 7 Learning Styles Explained — Free Quiz Inside, Mental Fitness
B Letter-recognition and reading speed in peripheral vision benefit from perceptual learning — Chung ST, Legge GE, Cheung SH (2004) · Vision Researchsource Cited on: Reading fluency, Speed Reading Course: Read Faster, Learn More, Reading speed self-check
A Levels of Processing: A Framework for Memory Research — Craik, Fergus I. M., Lockhart, Robert S. (1972)source Cited on: Engage: explore the material in more than one mode, Attention and focus in a connected world, Your mental state for learning
D Life Is for Living (2002) · Words of Wisdom 4 U! (wow4u.com)source Cited on: Assertions, Motivation, Positive Attitude
D Lifestyle causes myopia, not genes (2004) · New Scientistsource Cited on: Speed Reading course, Speed Reading course
C 3.4 Line Width [section of an online typography guide, Plain Language Network] (2004) · Plain Language Network (plainlanguagenetwork.org)source Cited on: Reading fluency, Speed Reading course, Speed Reading Course: Read Faster, Learn More
B Long-term potentiation (overview) and Hebbian theory — Multiple (LTP literature; Hebb) (2024) · NCBI Bookshelf / Wikipedia synthesis of LTP literaturesource Cited on: Overview
B Long-term sensitization of a defensive withdrawal reflex in Aplysia — Pinsker HM, Hening WA, Carew TJ, Kandel ER (1973) · Science (vol. 182, pp. 1039-1042)source Cited on: Apply Techniques