References T–Z

Sources behind the Memletics manual with titles T–Z — part of the full bibliography. Reliability: A peer-reviewed/meta · B academic · C book/expert · D web · E commercial.

T

• A Task switching — Monsell, Stephen (2003)source Cited on: Manage your time and energy
• A Teaching the science of learning — Weinstein, Yana, Madan, Christopher R., Sumeracki, Megan A. (2018)source Cited on: Proven learning methods
• A Test-enhanced learning: Taking memory tests improves long-term retention — Roediger, Henry L., Karpicke, Jeffrey D. (2006)source Cited on: How memory works: working and long-term memory, What counts as learning, How learning works, AI tutors and chatbots: use them without outsourcing your thinking, Retrieval practice: testing yourself to learn, Proven learning methods, Formal reviews and self-testing, Lesson Reviews, Review and reflect: close the loop, The Memletics overview, Spaced-repetition and study apps that actually help, Spacing: distribute your practice over time, Exploring in a solitary mode
• B The Accuracy of Health Professions Students' Self-Assessments Compared to Objective Measures of Competence — (systematic review; representative of the self-assessment-accuracy literature) (2021) · American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (PMC8086612)source Cited on: Skills Test
• A The acute effects of combined administration of Ginkgo biloba and Bacopa monniera on cognitive function in humans — Maher BF, Stough C, Shelmerdine A et al. (2002) · Human Psychopharmacologysource Cited on: Supplements, Nutrients, Mental Fitness
• B The Adult Learner: The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development (8th ed.) — Knowles, Malcolm S., Holton, Elwood F., Swanson, Richard A. (2015) Cited on: Learning as an adult
• A The amygdala modulates the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing experiences — McGaugh, James L. (2004)source Cited on: Emotion and learning
• A The attentional cost of receiving a cell phone notification — Stothart, Cary, Mitchum, Ainsley, Yehnert, Courtney (2015)source Cited on: Attention and focus in a connected world
• B The bizarre imagery effect and intention to learn — (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review authors) (1995) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Reviewsource Cited on: Peg Events, Association Issues
• B The bizarreness effect and visual imagery: No impact of concurrent visuo-spatial distractor tasks indicates little role for visual imagery — Miri Besken & Neil W. Mulligan (2022) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognitionsource Cited on: Exercise
• B The bizarreness effect: evidence for the critical influence of retrieval processes — Mark A. McDaniel and colleagues (distinctiveness/retrieval account) (2013) · Memory & Cognition (Springer)source Cited on: Association Issues
• D The Brain's Mind's Eye — Steven M. Kosslyn (1995) · On The Brain (Harvard Medical School) Cited on: Principles, Mental Practice, Strengthening
• B The Case Against Memory Consolidation in REM Sleep — Vertes, Robert P., Eastman, Kathleen E. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences Cited on: Rhythms, Physical State, Scheduled Review
• B The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects — Stough C, Lloyd J, Clarke J et al. (2001) · Psychopharmacology (Berl)source Cited on: Supplements, Nutrients, Mental Health
• A The Cognitive Neuroscience of Human Memory Since H.M. — Squire, Larry R., Wixted, John T. (2011)source Cited on: Analysing and classifying
• A The control-value theory of achievement emotions: assumptions, corollaries, and implications for educational research and practice — Pekrun, Reinhard (2006)source Cited on: Emotion and learning, Stay focused and enjoy it
• A The Correlation Between Academic Media Multitasking and Achievement - a Meta-Analysis — Academic media multitasking and achievement meta-analysis (2025) · Meta-analysis (DOAJ / ResearchGate indexed)source Cited on: Management
• B The delayed, durable effect of expressive writing on depression, anxiety and stress: A meta-analytic review of studies with long-term follow-ups — Guo, L. (2023) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(1), 272-297source Cited on: Management
• B The development of memory maintenance strategies: training cumulative rehearsal and interactive imagery in children aged between 5 and 9 — Jarrold, Tam, Baddeley, et al. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychologysource Cited on: Overview
• C The Disciplined Mind — Howard Gardner (1999) Cited on: Lifelong, Explore, Basis, The 7 Learning Styles Explained — Free Quiz Inside
• C The Disciplined Mind (Basic Books edition front matter) — Howard Gardner (1999) Cited on: Basis, The 7 Learning Styles Explained — Free Quiz Inside, Expand, Learning Styles
• B The dissociation of explicit and implicit memory in depressed patients — Bazin, N., Perruchet, P., De Bonis, M. et al. (1994) · Psychological Medicinesource Cited on: Concentration, Mental State, Mental Health
• B The Distributed Practice Effect on Classroom Learning: A Meta-Analytic Review of Applied Research — Mawson, R.D. & Kang, S.H.K. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences, 15(6), 771source Cited on: Reinforce, Research, Review Log, Apply Techniques
• B The drawing effect / multimodal encoding research (drawing creates an integrated elaborative, pictorial, and motor code) — Jeffrey D. Wammes, Melissa E. Meade, Myra A. Fernandes (2016) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychologysource Cited on: Physical
• B The drawing effect: Evidence for reliable and robust memory benefits in free recall — Jeffrey D. Wammes, Melissa E. Meade, Myra A. Fernandes (2016) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychologysource Cited on: Physical
• B The ecology of human fear: survival optimization and the nervous system — Dean Mobbs, Cindy C. Hagan, Tim Dalgleish, Brian Silston, Charlotte Prevost (2015) · Frontiers in Neurosciencesource Cited on: Balanced Model
• B The Effect of Context on Training: Is Learning Situated? — Lynne Reder, Roberta L. Klatzky (1994) · Learning, Remembering, Believing: Enhancing Human Performance (D. Druckman & R.A. Bjork, Eds.), National Academy Presssource Cited on: Variation, Fidelity, Part-Task Training: Break Down Complex Skills
• A The effect of contextual interference on transfer in motor learning - a systematic review and meta-analysis — Czyz, Wojcik, & Solarska (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology, 15:1377122source Cited on: Prepare
• B The effect of implementation intention on prospective memory: a systematic and meta-analytic review — Xing-jie Chen, Ya Wang, Lu-lu Liu, Ji-fang Cui, Ming-yuan Gan, David H. K. Shum, Raymond C. K. Chan (2015) · Psychiatry Researchsource Cited on: After Learning, Peg Events
• A The effect of music on decreasing arousal due to stress: A meta-analysis — Pelletier, Cori L. (2004)source Cited on: A calm, focused mind
• A The effect of notetaking method on academic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis — Voorn, R.; et al. (Kim/Voorn line of work; published in Educational Research Review) (2021) · Educational Research Review (Elsevier)source Cited on: Locate
• A The effect of overlearning on long-term retention — Rohrer, Doug, Taylor, Kelli, Pashler, Harold et al. (2005) · Applied Cognitive Psychology, 19, 361-374 (and Taylor, USF thesis)source Cited on: Reinforce, Overlearning
• B The Effect of Spaced Repetition on Learning and Knowledge Transfer in a Large Cohort of Practicing Physicians — (JAMA Network Open / large prospective cohort) (2024) · JAMA Network Open (PubMed 39250798)source Cited on: Skills Test
• A The Effect of Testing Versus Restudy on Retention: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Testing Effect — Rowland, Christopher A. (2014)source Cited on: AI tutors and chatbots: use them without outsourcing your thinking, Retrieval practice: testing yourself to learn
• A The effect of virtual reality simulation on nursing students' communication skills: a systematic review and meta-analysis — Systematic review (PMC11258010) (2024) · BMC Nursing / PMCsource Cited on: Role Playing
• B The effectiveness of checklists and error reporting systems in enhancing patient safety and reducing medical errors in hospital settings: A narrative review — Emmanuel Aoudi Chance, Dia Florence, Innocent Sardi Abdoul (2024) · International Journal of Nursing Sciencessource Cited on: After Learning
• A The Effectiveness of Concept Maps on Students' Achievement in Science: A Meta-Analysis — (Educational Psychology Review meta-analysis team, 2024) (2024) · Educational Psychology Review, 36, art. 39source Cited on: Courses
• A The effectiveness of four mnemonics in ordering recall — Roediger, Henry L. (1980)source Cited on: Performing under pressure, The link method: chaining items into a story, Method of Loci: The Memory Palace Technique Explained, Acronyms, acrostics and first-letter cues, The peg-word system, Principles of strong association, Association: the engine behind memory techniques, When associations do not work
• A The effectiveness of self-distanced versus self-immersed reflections among adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies — Murdoch, Chapman, Crane, Gucciardi (2023) · Stress and Health (Wiley)source Cited on: Negative
• A The Effectiveness of Spaced Repetition in Medical Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — James Anthony Maye et al. (2026) · The Clinical Teacher (Wiley/ASME)source Cited on: No Review
• A The effectiveness of the loci method as a mnemonic device: Meta-analysis — Conal Twomey, Meike Kroneisen (2021) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychologysource Cited on: During Learning
• A The effects of acute stress on episodic memory: A meta-analysis and integrative review — Shields, Grant S., Sazma, Matthew A., McCullough, Andrew M. et al. (2017) · Psychological Bulletin (PMC5436944); + acute-cortisol meta-analysessource Cited on: Skills Test, A calm, focused mind
• A The Effects of Co-Teaching and Related Collaborative Models of Instruction on Student Achievement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis — Mikkel Helding Vembye, Felix Weiss, Bethany Hamilton Bhat (2024) · Review of Educational Researchsource Cited on: Social
• B The Effects of Cortisol on Learning and Memory — C. L. Cheatham, P. J. Jennings, E. A. Van Kirk (2002) · CogNet (MIT Press)source Cited on: Mental Health, Mental Relaxation, Relaxation
• B The effects of different types of music on perceived and physiological measures of stress — Burns JL, Labbe E, Arke B et al. (2002) · Journal of Music Therapysource Cited on: Mental Relaxation, Relaxation, Aural
• A The effects of divided attention on encoding and retrieval processes in human memory — Craik, Fergus I. M., Govoni, Richard, Naveh-Benjamin, Moshe et al. (1996)source Cited on: Your learning state
• A The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory — Kluger, Avraham N., DeNisi, Angelo (1996)source Cited on: A balanced view of failure, Feedback: the modern model, Managing unhelpful thoughts, Fear of failure, Use feedback well, as you go, Mistakes
• A The Effects of Imagery Interventions in Sports: A Meta-Analysis — Simonsmeier, Andronie, Buecker, Frank (2021) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychologysource Cited on: Overview
• A The Effects of Imagery Practice on Athletes' Performance: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis with Systematic Review — (MDPI Behavioral Sciences authors) (2025) · Behavioral Sciences, 15(5), 685source Cited on: Review Log
• D The Effects of Mental Imagery on Athletic Performance — Annie Plessinger (2003) · Health Psychology Home Page, Vanderbilt University Department of Psychologysource Cited on: Principles, Mental Practice, Visualization
• B The effects of note-taking methods on lasting learning: the role of motivation and cognitive load — Yildirim, et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychologysource Cited on: Locate
• B The Effects of Self-Set Goals on Task Performance / goal commitment syntheses — goal-setting and SDT literature (2021) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology / review synthesessource Cited on: Reasons
• A The effects of stress and stress hormones on human cognition: Implications for the field of brain and cognition — Lupien, Sonia J., Maheu, Francoise, Tu, Mai et al. (2007)source Cited on: Relaxation and learning
• A The effects of stress on surgical performance: a systematic review — Tam A, Bateman S, Buckingham G, et al. (2024) · Surgical Endoscopysource Cited on: After Learning
• C The Effects of Stress on the Immune System: Implications for Health — Ronald Glaser (1996) · Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR), National Institutes of Healthsource Cited on: Mental Health, Pressure, Health
• B The Effects of the Older Adults' Depression on Metamemory and Memory Performance (unknown) · Seoul National University College of Nursing (nurse21/smj)source Cited on: Mental State, Mental Health, Positive Attitude
• A The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses — Hofmann, Stefan G., Asnaani, Anu, Vonk, Imke J. J. et al. (2012)source Cited on: Spotting your assumptions, Assertions: useful self-talk (not magic affirmations), Verbalising: self-talk and self-explanation, Question it consciously, Fear of Success, Fear and anxiety in learning, A calm, focused mind, A relaxation exercise, Relaxation and learning
• A The efficacy of habit reversal therapy for tics, habit disorders, and stuttering: A meta-analytic review — Bate, Karina S., Malouff, John M., Thorsteinsson, Einar T. et al. (2011)source Cited on: Building habits and changing behaviour
• A The enactment effect: A systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral, neuroimaging, and patient studies — Brady R. T. Roberts, Colin M. MacLeod, Myra A. Fernandes (2022) · Psychological Bulletin, 148(5-6), 397-434source Cited on: Physical
• B The facilitative effect of the keyword mnemonic on L2 vocabulary retrieval practice — Qu, Liu, Qiao, & Wang (2024) · Heliyon, 10(3):e25212source Cited on: Prepare
• C The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization — Senge, Peter M. (2006) Cited on: Turn goals into objectives
• B The Forgotten Canon: Memory in a Digital Age — Katherine E. Gossett (1998) · California State University, Haywardsource Cited on: Mnemonics, Mnemonics, Method of Loci: The Memory Palace Technique Explained
• A The Functional Neuroimaging of Autobiographical Memory for Happy Events: A Coordinate-Based Meta-Analysis — Giulia Testa, Igor Sotgiu, Maria Luisa Rusconi, Franco Cauda, Tommaso Costa (2024) · Healthcare (Basel)source Cited on: Positive
• B The generation effect: a meta-analytic review (and the 2020 theory/constraint meta-analytic update) — Bertsch, Pesta, Wiscott & McDaniel (2007); follow-up meta-analytic review (2020) (2007 / 2020) · Memory & Cognition (2007); Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (2020)source Cited on: Prepare
• D The ginkgo tonic — Kirsty Needham (2003) · The Sydney Morning Heraldsource Cited on: Supplements, Nutrients
• B The Global Burden of Disease: Introduction (DALYs and World-Leading Disabilities) — World Health Organization (2002) · World Health Organization (who.int)source Cited on: Learning State, Mental State, Mental Health
• A The human imagination: the cognitive neuroscience of visual mental imagery — Pearson, Joel (2019)source Cited on: Visualization
• B The Impact Bias Is Alive and Well — Timothy D. Wilson; Daniel T. Gilbert (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychologysource Cited on: Explore Goal
• A The Impact of Elaborative Strategy Instruction: A Meta-Analysis (and the broader levels-of-processing literature) — Multiple (e.g., Craik & Lockhart tradition; elaborative-strategy meta-analyses) (2024) · Educational/cognitive psychology literaturesource Cited on: System Reviews
• A The Impact of Self-Affirmation Interventions on Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis — (American Psychologist authors) (2024) · American Psychologist (advance online)source Cited on: Review Log
• B The impact of simulation debriefing process on learning outcomes: An umbrella review — Multiple (umbrella review of systematic reviews) (2025) · Clinical Simulation in Nursing / ScienceDirectsource Cited on: Lesson Reviews
• A The Impressive Effects of Tutoring on PreK-12 Learning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Experimental Evidence (published as 'The Promise of Tutoring...') — Andre Nickow, Philip Oreopoulos, Vincent Quan (2024) · American Educational Research Journalsource Cited on: Research
• A The influence of academic self-efficacy on academic performance: A systematic review — Honicke, Toni, Broadbent, Jaclyn (2016)source Cited on: Turn goals into objectives
• B The influence of soy-derived phosphatidylserine on cognition in age-associated memory impairment — Jorissen BL, Brouns F, Van Boxtel MP et al. (2001) · Nutritional Neuroscience Cited on: Supplements, Nutrients, Physical State
• A The influences of emotion on learning and memory — Tyng, Chai M., Amin, Hafeez U., Saad, Mohamad N. M. et al. (2017)source Cited on: Emotion and learning, Stay focused and enjoy it, Engage: finding and gathering what to learn, Your learning state, Your mental state for learning
• D The Journey System: Remembering Long Lists (2003) · Mind Tools Cited on: Method of Loci: The Memory Palace Technique Explained, Linked Lists, Peg Words
• B The Limits of Expertise: Rethinking Pilot Error and the Causes of Airline Accidents — Dismukes, R. Key, Berman, Benjamin A., Loukopoulos, Loukia D. (2007) Cited on: Assumptions
• D The lowdown on eye exercises (2003) · Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide (Harvard Health Publications)source Cited on: Health, Speed Reading course, Speed Reading Course: Read Faster, Learn More
• D The Lowdown on Ginkgo Biloba — Paul E. Gold, Larry Cahill, Gary L. Wenk (2003) · Scientific Americansource Cited on: Supplements, Nutrients, Physical State
• A The magical mystery four: How is working memory capacity limited, and why? — Cowan, Nelson (2010)source Cited on: Cognitive load: working within your limits, How memory works: working and long-term memory, Chunking: grouping to beat working-memory limits, Organise: structure what you are learning
• A The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity — Cowan, Nelson (2001)source Cited on: How learning works
• A The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information — Miller, George A. (1956) · Psychological Reviewsource Cited on: Chunking, Concentration, Principles, Organise: structure what you are learning, Association: the engine behind memory techniques
• C The Making of Memory: From Molecules to Mind (Chapter One: What is memory?) — Steven Rose (1992) Cited on: Concentration, Repetition, Arrange, Learning Techniques
• A The Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diets and the Risk of Cognitive Decline and Dementia — van den Brink, Annelien C., Brouwer-Brolsma, Elske M., Berendsen, Agnes A. M. et al. (2019)source Cited on: Supplements: what actually helps (mostly the basics)
• A The memory function of sleep — Diekelmann, Susanne, Born, Jan (2010)source Cited on: Sleep: where learning gets consolidated
• A The method of loci in the context of psychological research: A systematic review and meta-analysis — Jan Ondřej (2025) · British Journal of Psychologysource Cited on: During Learning, Problems, Skills Test, Exercise, Peg Events, The \"WOW\" factor
• A The Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: A Dialogue Between Genes and Synapses — Kandel, Eric R. (2001)source Cited on: Analysing and classifying
• B The multiple effects of practice: skill, habit and reduced cognitive load — Hardwick, R. M., Forrence, A. D., Krakauer, J. W., Haith, A. M. (and related practice/automaticity reviews) (2019) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences / PMC6443249source Cited on: Retention
• D The Multiple Intelligence Quiz (2002) · WorkSearch / ProjetEmploi (Human Resources Development Canada)source Cited on: Basis, The 7 Learning Styles Explained — Free Quiz Inside, Questionnaire
• D The Myth of Imagery in Mnemonics (2001) · The Memory Key (memory-key.com)source Cited on: Principles, Principles, Method of Loci: The Memory Palace Technique Explained
• A The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure — Steel, Piers (2007)source Cited on: When motivations conflict, Medical student syndrome
• E The New Piper Aircraft, Inc.: Company History (2002) · New Piper Aircraft (newpiper.com)source Cited on: Sources, Explore, Solitary
• B The Past, Present, and Future of the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning — Mayer, R. E. (and colleagues) (2023) · Educational Psychology Reviewsource Cited on: Visual
• B The Peg-Word Mnemonic Facilitates Immediate but Not Long-Term Memory in Fifth-Grade Children — (Contemporary/Journal of Educational Psychology authors) (1984) · Journal of Educational Psychology / Contemporary Educational Psychologysource Cited on: Review Log
• A The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking — Mueller, Pam A., Oppenheimer, Daniel M. (2014)source Cited on: Collecting and capturing material
• A The PETTLEP approach to motor imagery: A functional equivalence model for sport psychologists — Holmes, Paul S., Collins, David J. (2001)source Cited on: Principles of visualisation
• C The Pivotal Words — Academic Skills Center, Dartmouth College (2001) · Academic Skills Center, Dartmouth College Cited on: Reading strategies, Skim reading, Reading fluency
• A The power of feedback — Hattie, John, Timperley, Helen (2007)source Cited on: A balanced view of failure, Feedback: the modern model, Use feedback well, as you go, Review and reflect: close the loop
• A The power of feedback revisited: A meta-analysis of educational feedback research — Wisniewski, Benedikt, Zierer, Klaus, Hattie, John (2020)source Cited on: A balanced view of failure, Feedback: the modern model, Use feedback well, as you go
• B The problem with '5 whys' — Alan J. Card (2017) · BMJ Quality & Safety (vol. 26, no. 8)source Cited on: Lesson Reviews
• B The Psychological Impact of Self-Affirmation and Positive Self-Talk: A Comprehensive Meta-Analytic Review — Comprehensive meta-analytic review authors (2025) · Meta-analytic review (academia.edu posting)source Cited on: Balanced Model
• C The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making — Scott Plous (1993) Cited on: Assumptions, Motivation, Positive Attitude, Mistakes
• A The Psychology of Physical Symptoms — Pennebaker, James W. (1982) Cited on: Medical student syndrome
• D The Reading Environment (2001) · Academic Skills Center, Dartmouth College Cited on: Concentration, Reading strategies, Environment
• D The Real Deal on Eye Exercises — Harvard Health Publications (2003) · PR Newswire Cited on: Health, Speed Reading course, Speed Reading Course: Read Faster, Learn More
• B The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation — Yerkes, Robert M., Dodson, John D. (1908)source Cited on: Emotion and learning, Mental health and learning, Fear and anxiety in learning, Performance, Motivation and mindset, Your mental state for learning
• B The relationship between interactive-imagery instructions and association memory — Jeremy J. Thomas, Kezziah C. Ayuno, Felicitas E. Kluger, Jeremy B. Caplan (2023) · Memory & Cognition (Springer)source Cited on: Association Issues
• B The relationship between interactive-imagery instructions and association memory / mental-imagery memory literature — Memory & Cognition imagery research (e.g., interactive-imagery instruction studies); dual-coding tradition (Paivio) (2022-2025) · Memory & Cognition; cognitive-psychology imagery literaturesource Cited on: Prepare, Visual
• A The relative benefits of learning by teaching and teaching expectancy — Fiorella, L., Mayer, R. E. (2013)source Cited on: Social, Learning with others: peer instruction and explaining to learn, Get others on board, Exploring with other people
• B The Relative Effectiveness of Human Tutoring, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, and Other Tutoring Systems — Kurt VanLehn (2011) · Educational Psychologist, 46(4):197-221source Cited on: Research
• A The REM Sleep–Memory Consolidation Hypothesis — Jerome M. Siegel (2001) · Science Cited on: Rhythms, Physical State, Scheduled Review
• A The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance — Ericsson, K. Anders, Krampe, Ralf T., Tesch-Romer, Clemens (1993)source Cited on: What counts as learning, The physical (kinaesthetic) preference, Performance and skill learning, How skills are learned, Deliberate practice: targeted effort with feedback
• B The Role of Imagery in Physical Performance — Rushall, Brent S., Lippman, Louis G. (1997) · International Journal for Sport Psychology Cited on: Skill Learning, Principles, Mental Practice, techniques-perform-state-skills
• A The role of sleep in cognition and emotion — Walker, Matthew P. (2009)source Cited on: Your learning state, Keeping your mind sharp, Sleep: where learning gets consolidated, Your body and learning
• B The Role of Sleep in Sustaining Individual and Organizational Effectiveness — Nancy J. Wesensten, Thomas J. Balkin, Gregory Belenky (2003) · Army Research Laboratory / U.S. Army (edited volume on organizational effectiveness) Cited on: Concentration, Rhythms, Physical State
• A The role of strategies in motor learning — Taylor, Jordan A., Ivry, Richard B. (2012)source Cited on: Overlearning
• D The Role of Total Vocabulary in IQ Testing — rnseitz (2004) · Geocities personal website (rnseitz) Cited on: Basis, Vocabulary, Skills Test
• D The Roman Room System: Remembering Grouped Information (2003) · Mind Tools Cited on: Mnemonics, Method of Loci: The Memory Palace Technique Explained, Peg Words
• A The Scientific Status of Learning Styles Theories — Willingham, Daniel T., Hughes, Elizabeth M., Dobolyi, David G. (2015)source Cited on: Learning styles: what the evidence really says
• A The serotonin theory of depression: a systematic umbrella review of the evidence — Moncrieff, Joanna, Cooper, Ruth E., Stockmann, Tom et al. (2023)source Cited on: Mental health and learning
• A The shuffling of mathematics problems improves learning — Rohrer, Doug, Taylor, Kelli (2007)source Cited on: How learning works, Interleaving: mix up what you practise, Proven learning methods
• B The Small-Area Hypothesis: Effects of Progress Monitoring on Goal Adherence — Minjung Koo, Ayelet Fishbach (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research, 39(3), 493-509source Cited on: Track, Management
• B The smoke detector principle: Signal detection and optimal defense regulation — Randolph M. Nesse (2019) · Evolution, Medicine, and Public Healthsource Cited on: Final Note
• B The Surprising Power of Neighborly Advice — Daniel T. Gilbert; Matthew A. Killingsworth; Rebecca N. Eyre; Timothy D. Wilson (2009) · Science (vol. 323, pp. 1617-1619)source Cited on: Explore Goal
• C The Theory and Practice of Learning — Peter Jarvis Cited on: Adult Education, Lifelong, Rote Learning, Learning Approach
• C The Trainer's Handbook: The AMA Guide to Effective Training (1997) · American Management Associationsource Cited on: Enquire, Immediate Feedback, Formal Reviews
• B The Triple Code Model as a theoretical explanation of the effects of active mental practice in motor skills performance — Alvoeiro (unknown) · University of Hull Cited on: Skill Learning, Principles, Mental Practice
• A The truth about the truth: A meta-analytic review of the truth effect — Dechene, Alice, Stahl, Christoph, Hansen, Jochim et al. (2010)source Cited on: Assumptions
• D The Use of Concept Maps in the Teaching-Learning Process (unknown) · Biology Teaching Home Page, Faculty of Education, Chinese University of Hong Kongsource Cited on: Visual, Using Concept Maps, Basic Concept Maps
• D The Virtual Workout: Using Positive Imagery — JoAnn Dahlkoetter (2002) · YourPerformingEdge.com (sports-psych.com) Cited on: Principles, Creative, Mental Practice
• A The when and how of planning: Meta-analysis of the scope and components of implementation intentions in 642 tests — Sheeran, Gollwitzer, et al. (2025) · European Review of Social Psychology, 36(1)source Cited on: Plan, Conscious ACT
• B Thinking, Fast and Slow — Kahneman, Daniel (2011) Cited on: Spotting your assumptions, Question it consciously
• A Thirty-Five Years of Research on Neuro-Linguistic Programming. NLP Research Data Base. State of the Art or Pseudoscientific Decoration? — Witkowski, Tomasz (2010) · Polish Psychological Bulletinsource Cited on: Positive, Lesson Reviews
• D Time as a Function of the Body: Biological Cycles (Chapter VI) (unknown) · My Moon Your Moon (mymoonyourmoon.com) Cited on: Rhythms, Physical State, Relaxation
• E Time to Revise: Research (2002) · time2revise.co.uk (CALSC)source Cited on: Repetition, Scheduled Review, Programmed
• A Time-Based and Event-Based Prospective Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis — Rafael Román-Caballero, Giovanna Mioni (2025) · Neuropsychology Reviewsource Cited on: Peg Events
• B Timing's not everything: Immediate and delayed feedback are equally beneficial for performance in formative multiple-choice testing — Ryan et al. (2024) · Medical Education (Wiley)source Cited on: Lesson Reviews
• D Tips For Improving Vocabulary (2004) · Rio Salado College (Maricopa Community Colleges) — Distance Learning Study Skills Tutorialssource Cited on: Flashcards, Scheduled Review, Vocabulary
• D Tips for Increasing Reading Speed — Counselling Services, University of Victoria (2003) · University of Victoria Counselling Services — Learning Skills Programsource Cited on: Reading strategies, Vocabulary, Reading fluency
• D Tips on Making Your Own Concept Maps (2003) · ACES 100, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaignsource Cited on: Visual, Using Concept Maps, Basic Concept Maps
• A To what extent and under which circumstances are growth mind-sets important to academic achievement? Two meta-analyses — Sisk, Victoria F., Burgoyne, Alexander P., Sun, Jingze et al. (2018)source Cited on: Motivation and mindset, A positive, realistic attitude
• D Too Depressed to Remember: Why are so many elderly people forgetful? It may be the blues. New research shows that depression affects a memory center in the brain. — Kate Rauch (2000) · WebMDsource Cited on: Mental State, Mental Health, Mental Relaxation
• B Training-induced changes in subsequent-memory effects: No major differences among children, younger adults, and older adults — Brehmer, Shing, Heekeren, Lindenberger, Bäckman (2016) · NeuroImagesource Cited on: Overview
• A Treatment of anxiety disorders — Bandelow, Borwin, Michaelis, Sophie, Wedekind, Dirk (2017)source Cited on: Fear of the unknown
• A Turning the knots in your stomach into bows: reappraising arousal improves performance on the GRE — Jamieson, Jeremy P., Mendes, Wendy Berry, Blackstock, Erin et al. (2010)source Cited on: Techniques for managing fear, Emotion and learning
• B Two Functional Components of the Hippocampal Memory System — Howard Eichenbaum, Tim Otto, Neal J. Cohen (1994) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences Cited on: Concentration, Repetition, Rote Learning
• A Two or more are better than one: a meta-analysis on collaborative concept mapping — (Social Psychology of Education authors) (2025) · Social Psychology of Educationsource Cited on: CmapTools Software

U

• A UAlbany analysis: mobile phone distractions adversely affect learning (meta-analysis of phone distraction on recall) — Yan, Z., and colleagues (University at Albany) (2024) · Computers in Human Behaviorsource Cited on: Management
• A Uncertainty and anticipation in anxiety: an integrated neurobiological and psychological perspective — Grupe, Dan W., Nitschke, Jack B. (2013)source Cited on: Fear of the unknown
• A Understanding tutor learning: Knowledge-building and knowledge-telling in peer tutors' explanations and questions — Roscoe, Rod D., Chi, Michelene T. H. (2007)source Cited on: Learning with others: peer instruction and explaining to learn
• A Unskilled and Unaware of It: How Difficulties in Recognizing One's Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments — Kruger, Justin, Dunning, David (1999)source Cited on: Metacognition: knowing what you know, Formal reviews and self-testing, Review and reflect: close the loop
• A Unsuccessful Retrieval Attempts Enhance Subsequent Learning — Kornell, Nate, Hays, Matthew Jensen, Bjork, Robert A. (2009)source Cited on: Metacognition: knowing what you know, AI tutors and chatbots: use them without outsourcing your thinking, Spacing: distribute your practice over time
• B Unveiling barriers of introverts to collaborative learning: an exploratory mixed-methods study across medical student personalities — BMC Psychology (mixed-methods study of medical students) (2025) · BMC Psychologysource Cited on: Solitary
• D Urinary System: Questions and Answers (2002) · Nurse Minerva (nurseminerva.co.uk)source Cited on: Health, Water
• D Using Concept Maps to Establish Meaningful Relationships — Yung Hin-wai (2004) · Biology Teaching Home Page, Chinese University of Hong Kongsource Cited on: Concept Mapping Course, Using Concept Maps, Basic Concept Maps
• A Using Neuroscience to Help Understand Fear and Anxiety: A Two-System Framework — LeDoux, Joseph E., Pine, Daniel S. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry, 173(11), 1083-1093source Cited on: Final Note
• B Using Self-Generated Cues to Facilitate Recall: A Narrative Review — Eylul Tekin, Henry L. Roediger III (2017) · Frontiers in Psychologysource Cited on: Association Issues
• D Using Your Textbook — Academic Skills Center, Dartmouth College (2001) · Academic Skills Center, Dartmouth College Cited on: Collection, Vocabulary, Reading paths

V

• C Vary Your Reading Rate (2001) · Academic Skills Center, Dartmouth College Cited on: Reading strategies, Skim reading, Speed Reading Course: Read Faster, Learn More
• B VFR into IMC Avoidance and Escape — AOPA Air Safety Institute (2024) · Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA)source Cited on: Example
• B Video Feedback in Education and Training: Putting Learning in the Picture — Ruben G. Fukkink; Nellie Trienekens; Laura J. C. Kramer (2011) · Educational Psychology Review, 23(1), 45-63source Cited on: Role Playing
• D Vinpocetine — Ray Sahelian (2000) · raysahelian.com Cited on: Supplements, Nutrients, Oxygen
• D Vinpocetine for Improved Memory and Mental Energy — Ward Dean, John Morgenthaler (2000) · Smart Publications (smart-publications.com) Cited on: Supplements, Oxygen, Glucose
• D Vishelp: Help on Visualisation Difficulties (Parts I & II) — Paul Allen (1999) · Hermes (akasha.de/~allen) Cited on: Appendices, Principles, Visualization
• D Vision Facts and Statistics — Vision Council of America (2004) · Vision Council of America (visionsite.org)source Cited on: Health, Speed Reading course
• B Visual Imagery and the Use of Mental Practice in the Development of Motor Skills [Coaching Science Abstracts summary] — Denis, M. (1985) · Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Science Cited on: Skill Learning, Principles, Mental Practice
• B Visualization In Sport: An Analysis of Theories and Methods of Visualization Techniques in Sport — Dave Skopelianos (2003) · Department of Psychology, Carleton University Cited on: Principles, Mental Practice, Visualization
• A Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late life — Rutjes, Anne W. S., Denton, Diana A., Di Nisio, Marcello et al. (2018)source Cited on: Supplements: what actually helps (mostly the basics)
• D Vocabulary is key to speed reading (2004) · SpeedReadThe.netsource Cited on: Reading strategies, Vocabulary, Speed Reading Course: Read Faster, Learn More

W

• D Water 'can reduce brain power' (2001) · BBC News Online Cited on: Cell State, Health, Water
• A Water, hydration, and health — Popkin, Barry M., D'Anci, Kristen E., Rosenberg, Irwin H. (2010)source Cited on: Water and hydration
• B Weather Concerns for General Aviation — Flight Safety Foundation (AeroSafety World) (2023) · Flight Safety Foundationsource Cited on: Example
• D Week 6: Perception, Consciousness, Cognition, and Problem Solving — Ultradian Rhythms (Introductory Psychology Course Notes) (2003) · mindspring.com (personal/course website, ~bethrene) Cited on: Concentration, Rhythms, Logical
• D What are my Learning Strengths? Multiple Intelligences Inventory Quiz (2002) · SNOW: Special Needs Opportunity Windows, University of Torontosource Cited on: Basis, The 7 Learning Styles Explained — Free Quiz Inside, Questionnaire
• A What can be learned from growth mindset controversies? — Yeager, David S., Dweck, Carol S. (2020)source Cited on: When motivations conflict
• C What is Biofeedback? — Bette Runck (1983) · National Institute of Mental Health, Plain Talk Series (DHHS Publication No. ADM 83-1273); hosted at psychotherapy.comsource Cited on: Mental Relaxation, Relaxation Exercise, Relaxation
• B What They Remember May Not Be What They Understand: A Study of Mnemonic Recall and Performance by Introductory Statistics Students — Introductory-statistics mnemonic survey (n=1323) (2024) · Journal of Statistics Education (Taylor & Francis)source Cited on: The \"WOW\" factor
• A When and where do we apply what we learn? A taxonomy for far transfer — Barnett, Susan M., Ceci, Stephen J. (2002)source Cited on: Transfer: making learning stick beyond the test, How learning works, Learning for life, Learning as an adult
• A When high-powered people fail: Working memory and choking under pressure in math — Beilock, Sian L., Carr, Thomas H. (2005)source Cited on: Under pressure in the moment
• B When is observing failure productive? Investigating the role of solution diversity in vicarious failure — Authors (Instructional Science) (2025) · Instructional Sciencesource Cited on: Social
• A When People's Judgments of Learning (JOLs) Are Extremely Accurate at Predicting Subsequent Recall: The 'Delayed-JOL Effect' — Nelson, Thomas O., Dunlosky, John (1991)source Cited on: Metacognition: knowing what you know, Review and reflect: close the loop
• B Which motivates an individual more: The to-date frame or the to-go frame? A regulatory focus perspective — Yongzhi Gong (and colleagues) (2022) · Personality and Individual Differences, 188source Cited on: Track
• A Whole and Part Practice: A Meta-Analysis — Fabio E. Fontana; Ovande Furtado; Oldemar Mazzardo; Jere D. Gallagher (2009) · Perceptual and Motor Skills, 109(2), 517-530source Cited on: Role Playing
• D Why men don't visit the doctor ... and why they should — Daniel Hayes (1999) · CNN.com Health (via WebMD)source Cited on: Physical State, Mental Health, Health
• B Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams — Walker, Matthew (2017) Cited on: Sleep: where learning gets consolidated
• A Working memory: theories, models, and controversies — Baddeley, Alan (2012)source Cited on: How memory works: working and long-term memory
• C Working With Mental Images — Shinzen Young (2003) · shinzen.org Cited on: Principles, Mental Practice, Visualization
• A Writing about testing worries boosts exam performance in the classroom — Ramirez, Gerardo, Beilock, Sian L. (2011) · Science, 331(6014), 211-213source Cited on: Management, Emotion and learning

X

• D X-Plane v5.6x by Laminar Research — Peter James (2001) · FlightSim.Comsource Cited on: Fidelity, Simulators, Simulation

Y

• D Your Memory's Natural Rhythms (2002) · Positively MAD (positivelymad.co.uk) Cited on: Repetition, Scheduled Review, Refresh Reviews
• D Your Nervous System (unknown) · Frontier High School Biology (pc65.frontier.osrhe.edu) Cited on: Concentration, Cell State, Oxygen